The objective of this paper is to describe levels, patterns and trends of male fertility around the world, using data that have been underutilized. By combining different data sources - vital statistics, surveys and censuses - a general picture of male fertility in about 150 countries can be drawn. Fertility trends are also computed in a significant number of countries. We show that reproductive experiences may differ considerably between males and females, especially in developing countries, where male fertility is often substantially higher than female fertility. With the course of fertility transition, male and female fertility converge. We discuss the demographic mechanisms associated with these contrasted male and female fertility transitions, and their theoretical and practical implications.