Since the mid-1990s, the population of the large Spanish metropoles has strongly grown, especially that of the suburban peripheries. Simultaneously, this suburbanization caused a growing differentiation between the age structures of the (aged) urban centers and their (younger) peripheries. This phase ends in 2008, due to a deep economic crisis in Spain. The main changes have been that fewer foreign immigrants are arriving (external migration growth becomes negative) and a reduction of suburbanization flows. Most of the peripheral municipalities have the smallest positive internal migratory growth in recent decades. By contrast, large urban centers have the smallest negative internal migratory growth in the last decades. Both the cities of Madrid and Barcelona have become attraction poles for young foreign and Spanish internal immigrants. The attraction of highly educated young people reinforces the role of large cities as human capital concentration poles. At the same time, it increases the internal diversification of these cities and gentrification processes in certain neighborhoods (particularly historical centers). Simultaneously, in these cities it has been observed that the currently most aged neighborhoods are those containing large housing developments built in the mid or late 1970s, and where a then young population coming from rural Spain settled. The objective of this contribution –for which Padrón (local register) data will be used at the Census tract level– is to analyze this dynamic Geography of urban aging and rejuvenation between 2001 and 2016, and to observe whether the five large Spanish metropolitan areas (Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Seville, and Bilbao) have similar spatial patterns.